President Biden will press the Chinese language chief Xi Jinping on Wednesday to crack down on the Chinese language corporations which can be serving to to provide fentanyl, a potent drug that has killed lots of of hundreds of People.

An settlement to curb China’s illicit exports of fentanyl and, notably, the chemical substances that may be mixed to make the drug might be one of many extra vital achievements for america out of Mr. Biden and Mr. Xi’s assembly, which is going down as leaders from Pacific nations collect for a global convention in San Francisco.

China is residence to a thriving chemical trade that pumps out compounds which can be made into prescribed drugs, fragrances, textile dyes and fertilizers. A few of those self same compounds may also be mixed to create fentanyl, an opioid that may be 100 instances as potent as morphine.

U.S. officers argue that this huge chemical trade is enjoying a key function within the American fentanyl disaster by supplying the majority of supplies utilized in unlawful drug labs, together with in Mexico, which is now the most important exporter of fentanyl to america.

The Chinese language authorities denies that its nation performs such a pivotal function and as a substitute blames america for harboring a tradition of drug use.

“All-out advertising and marketing by pharmaceutical firms, over-prescription by docs, ineffective authorities crackdowns and the adverse implications of marijuana legalization are among the many mixture of things behind an ever-growing marketplace for narcotics,” China’s overseas ministry stated in a press release final yr.

U.S. officers say they’ve stopped extra fentanyl from coming into america up to now two years than within the earlier 5 years mixed. In keeping with the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention, fentanyl and different artificial opioids might have resulted in additional than 77,000 overdose deaths in america between Could 2022 and April 2023. The issue with fentanyl overdoses is especially acute in San Francisco, the place Mr. Biden and Mr. Xi are assembly.

Ian Johnson, a senior fellow for China research on the Council on Overseas Relations, stated that getting China to conform to do one thing about fentanyl would resonate extra with common People than the everyday “deliverables” from worldwide conferences.

“For Biden, that will be good to have to point out to the heartland of america that relations with China are extra than simply some esoteric matter, however can truly carry one thing to odd folks,” Mr. Johnson stated in a briefing held by the council final week. Republicans have made fentanyl-related deaths a central piece of their marketing campaign in opposition to Mr. Biden and Democrats within the 2024 elections.

Nonetheless, given the difficulties with policing a bootleg trade, the extent to which an settlement would curb the circulate of fentanyl into america is unclear.

Roselyn Hsueh, an affiliate professor of political science at Temple College, stated that an settlement between Mr. Biden and Mr. Xi could lead on the Chinese language central authorities to supply extra oversight and make investments extra sources into inspection and monitoring. However she stated Beijing had run into problem up to now clamping down on fentanyl and precursor chemical substances.

Earlier than 2019, China was the first supply of fentanyl coming into america, usually by way of the mail and different business couriers. As part of commerce talks with President Donald J. Trump, the Chinese language authorities in 2019 agreed to ban the manufacturing, sale and export of all fentanyl-related medicine besides by way of particular licenses.

However that resulted in Chinese language firms rerouting to Mexico and India’s emergence as a brand new manufacturing web site, Ms. Hsueh stated. The principle supply of U.S. fentanyl grew to become Mexican prison organizations, which used Chinese language-made elements and Chinese language money-laundering providers.

Immediately, on-line gross sales that masks the identities of sellers and patrons additional complicate enforcement. The regulation and enforcement of fentanyl and precursor chemical substances stay “fragmented and decentralized” amongst Chinese language native governments, trade associations and corporations with vested pursuits within the chemical commerce, Ms. Hsueh stated.

U.S. officers have stated that drawback is compounded as a result of lots of the components used to make fentanyl are authorized chemical substances that can be utilized for legit functions in different industries. America has issued sanctions in opposition to dozens of individuals in China and Hong Kong for his or her function in fentanyl trafficking. In September, Mr. Biden added China to the U.S. listing of the world’s main drug-producing international locations, a transfer that the Chinese language authorities denounced as “a malicious smear.”

Final month, the U.S. customs division launched an up to date technique to fight fentanyl and artificial medicine, together with by way of the improved use of knowledge and counterintelligence operations to trace drug manufacturing and distribution networks, and goal suspicious areas and recipients that reveal patterns of illicit exercise.

“In my 30 years as a customs official, the trafficking of artificial illicit medicine like fentanyl is likely one of the hardest, most daunting challenges I’ve ever seen,” stated Troy Miller, the appearing commissioner for Customs and Border Safety.

U.S. officers consider China’s dominance as a chemical producer makes Beijing’s cooperation key for enforcement. Administration officers, together with Commerce Secretary Gina M. Raimondo, have raised the difficulty with high Chinese language officers throughout latest journeys to China.

When six lawmakers, together with Senator Chuck Schumer, the bulk chief, had an opportunity to speak to Mr. Xi throughout a go to to China final month, the primary subject they introduced up was not commerce or navy coordination or local weather change, however the hurt that fentanyl had triggered of their residence states.

“Everybody advised tales, private tales about how, you already know, mates of ours, household, have died from fentanyl, and the way this was a extremely vital subject, and I believe that you would inform that made an impression on him, how deeply we felt about it,” stated Mr. Schumer, a New York Democrat.

Fentanyl precursors from China have develop into a bipartisan subject in Congress, and the six senators who spoke with Mr. Xi have been three Democrats and three Republicans.

“China must implement legal guidelines that forestall the export of fentanyl precursors to worldwide drug markets,” stated Senator Invoice Cassidy, Republican of Louisiana.

Regardless of the dimensions of the issue, there may be hope that better coordination between america and China might enhance the state of affairs. Cooperation between the international locations on stopping shipments of the precursor chemical substances stalled a number of years in the past after america positioned sanctions on a Chinese language authorities entity for its alleged involvement in human rights abuses in China’s westernmost area, Xinjiang.

That entity was situated on the identical deal with in Beijing because the Nationwide Narcotics Laboratory of China, which performs a key function in China’s regulation enforcement effort on drug-related chemical substances.

Chinese language officers deeply resent American sanctions on their establishments, and U.S. officers have taken the place that due to the danger of confusion among the many two institutes on the identical deal with, neither institute can work with america.

China then broadened its place in August 2022 when it halted any counternarcotics coordination with america as certainly one of a sequence of measures taken in response to a go to to Taiwan by Consultant Nancy Pelosi, then the speaker of the Home. Beijing claims Taiwan, a self-ruled island democracy, as a part of its territory.

Eileen Sullivan contributed reporting from Washington.